Biomarkers and multiple sclerosis. Monitoring the multiple sclerosis progression. Biomarkers in monitoring of the treatment response. Molecular biomarkers is a hot term in precision medicine today. What are the biomarkers for the multiple sclerosis? Dr. Anton Titov, MD. Maybe biomarkers for relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis? Dr. Anton Titov, MD. Or biomarkers for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis form. You have published extensively on this topic. Yes. There are the biomarkers for multiple sclerosis. Dr. Howard Weiner, MD. We use them extensively. One marker is the MRI scan. Dr. Howard Weiner, MD. We measure antibodies against the JC virus. It allows us to decide whether to give natalizumab. New biomarkers also are being researched. There is some interest in neural filaments as a multiple sclerosis measurement. Dr. Howard Weiner, MD. We are trying to develop this precision medicine. Dr. Howard Weiner, MD. We have a collaboration with Verily, this company came from Google. Dr. Howard Weiner, MD. We are getting a lot of data from our multiple sclerosis patients to be able to have a blood test. It will tell you whether your multiple sclerosis is relapsing. Is it a progressive multiple sclerosis form? Dr. Anton Titov, MD. How is patient responding to treatment of multiple sclerosis? Dr. Anton Titov, MD. Dr. Howard Weiner, MD. We are working on multiple sclerosis biomarkers. What kind of multiple sclerosis biomarkers can patients expect to be more widely used? Dr. Anton Titov, MD. Biomarkers that can be used beyond the research institutions? Dr. Anton Titov, MD. Dr. Howard Weiner, MD. We are trying to develop multiple sclerosis biomarkers in our research. Then it could become commercialized. That is what we are working towards, Dr. Howard Weiner, MD. We hope to find biomarkers of multiple sclerosis in the blood that you can measure. Dr. Howard Weiner, MD. We are working on it. Are there specific multiple sclerosis biomarkers in the lipid profile of the multiple sclerosis patients? Dr. Anton Titov, MD. One of the biomarkers we are looking at relates to the antigen arrays. There are antibody patterns. Dr. Howard Weiner, MD. We are also looking at microRNAs, we are also looking at anti-lipid antibodies, certain proteomics markers. Dr. Howard Weiner, MD. We are looking at all these types of multiple sclerosis biomarkers. And microRNAs. Obviously, there are very many areas in cancer medication in particular. Because microRNAs are circulating, and their levels rapidly fluctuate with disease activity. Exactly, exactly! Precision medicine treatment of multiple sclerosis starts with precise diagnosis at the molecular level. JC virus autoantibodies predict risks of natalizumab (Tysabri) therapy of multiple sclerosis. Lipid profile-based and micro-RNA biomarkers are the cutting-edge in personalizing treatment of multiple sclerosis. Leading MS expert.